父母期望特别高,高响应他们的孩子被定义为权威的父母(普拉特,1999)。而父母高期望但是没有响应能力被定义为专制的父母,第三类包括父母期望水平低的儿童和不宽容的家长反应进行分类。最后的类别包括父母都低维度(期望和反应)被认为是不负责任的或冷漠(普拉特,1999)。这最后一类通常被认为是一个缺乏教育而非实现“教育方式”,在目前的研究没有考虑育儿风格。
当代研究育儿风格源自Baumrind(1978)著名的儿童及其家庭的研究。Baumrind的育儿风格的概念是基于一个类型家庭社会化实践的研究方法。(亲爱的&斯坦伯格,1993)。这种方法侧重于配置不同的教育实践和假定的影响取决于任何一个实践,部分安排的其他领域。(亲爱的&斯坦伯格,1993)。变化的应用主要养育元素(诸如温暖、参与、成熟的要求和监督)产生变化响应孩子的父母的影响。(亲爱的&斯坦伯格,1993)。从这个角度看,教育方式被视为父母的基本特点,改变家庭社会化实践的有效性和孩子的理解这样的做法(亲爱的&斯坦伯格,1993)。Baumrind(1971)的育儿风格类型确定三个定性不同模式的父母authority-authoritarian,权威和宽容。
assignment 代写 权威的父母
Parents with high expectations particularly and high responsiveness to their children are defined as authoritative parents(Pratt ,1999).While parents with high expectations but with no responsiveness are defined as authoritarian parents, third category include the parents who have low expectation level from their children and are not responsive are classified to be permissive parents .Last category include parents who are low in both dimensions(expectations and responsiveness) are considered neglectful or uninvolved (Pratt ,1999). This final category is generally considered to be an absence of parenting rather than an implemented "parenting style" and was not considered in the present study on parenting styles.
Contemporary research on parenting styles derives from Baumrind's (1978) well-known studies of children and their families. Baumrind's concepts of parenting style are based on a typological approach to the study of family socialization practices. (Darling & Steinberg, 1993).This approach focuses on the configuration of different parenting practices and assumes that the impact of any one practice depends, in part, on the arrangement of all other domains. (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). Variations in the application of major parenting elements (such as warmth, involvement, maturity demands, and supervision) produce variations in child responsiveness to parental influence. (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). As from this perspective, parenting style is viewed as basic characteristic of the parents that alters the effectiveness of family socialization practices and the child's understanding of such practices (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). Baumrind's (1971) parenting style typology identified three qualitatively different patterns of parental authority-authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive.